Understanding the Quantum Threat
Quantum computers are advancing quickly. Once they reach sufficient capability, they will be able to break widely used public-key encryption -the technology that protects identity systems, secure communications, financial transactions, and sensitive records. Such cryptographically relevant quantum computers threaten to disrupt operations of governmental organisations and private businesses alike.
A growing concern is “Store Now, Decrypt Later” attacks, in which adversaries capture encrypted data with the intention of unlocking it once quantum computers mature. Any information that must remain confidential for years – citizen data, health records, intellectual property, legal archives, infrastructure telemetry – is therefore already at risk if protected only by pre-quantum methods.
Moving to post-quantum cryptography is not a simple software patch. It affects identity and certificate management, key-management systems, vendor integrations, and long-lived data stores. For most organisations, becoming quantum-safe is a coordinated, multi-year transition requiring structured monitoring.
Regulators are acting now. NIST has selected the first post-quantum algorithms, and the NCSC and European authorities have outlined migration timelines. The message is clear: organisations must begin upgrading years before quantum machines become operational.